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New nanostructured sorbents for desulfurization of natural gas

Lifeng WANG, Ralph T. YANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 8-19 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1411-4

摘要： Desulfurization of natural gas is achieved commercially by absorption with liquid amine solutions. Adsorption technology could potentially replace the solvent extraction process, particularly for the emerging shale gas wells with production rates that are generally lower than that from the large conventional reservoirs, if a superior adsorbent (sorbent) is developed. In this review, we focus our discussion on three types of sorbents: metal-oxide based sorbents, Cu/Ag-based and other commercial sorbents, and amine-grafted silicas. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are analyzed. Possible approaches for future developments to further improve these sorbents are suggested, particularly for the most promising amine-grafted silicas.

关键词： desulfurization natural gas desulfurization hydrogen sulfide sorbent amine-silica sorbent

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Activity and characteristics of “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent for simultaneous flue gasdesulfurization and denitrification

Yi ZHAO,Tianxiang GUO,Zili ZANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 222-229 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0636-2

摘要： An “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent was prepared by mixing fly ash, lime and a small quantity of KMnO for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. Removal of SO and NO simultaneously was carried out using this absorbent in a flue gas circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The highest simultaneous removal efficiency, 94.5% of SO and 64.2% of NO, was achieved under the optimal experiment conditions. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Accessory X-ray Energy Spectrometer (EDX) were used to observe the surface characteristics of fly ash, lime, “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent and the spent absorbent. An ion chromatograph (IC) and chemical analysis methods were used to determine the contents of sulfate, sulfite, nitrate and nitrite in the spent absorbents, the results showed that sulfate and nitrite were the main products for desulfurization and denitrification respectively. The mechanism of removing SO and NO simultaneously was proposed based on the analysis results of SEM, EDX, IC and the chemical analysis methods.

关键词： “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent Surface characteristics Flue gas circulating fluidized bed Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification

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Research on the theory and application of adsorbed natural gas used in new energy vehicles: A review

Zhengwei NIE,Yuyi LIN,Xiaoyi JIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第3期页码 258-274 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0381-2

摘要：

Natural gas, whose primary constituent is methane, has been considered a convincing alternative for the growth of the energy supply worldwide. Adsorbed natural gas (ANG), the most promising methane storage method, has been an active field of study in the past two decades. ANG constitutes a safe and low-cost way to store methane for natural gas vehicles at an acceptable energy density while working at substantially low pressures (3.5–4.0 MPa), allowing for conformable store tank. This work serves to review the state-of-the-art development reported in the scientific literature on adsorbents, adsorption theories, ANG conformable tanks, and related technologies on ANG vehicles. Patent literature has also been searched and discussed. The review aims at illustrating both achievements and problems of the ANG technologies-based vehicles, as well as forecasting the development trends and critical issues to be resolved of these technologies.

关键词： adsorbed natural gas (ANG) adsorbent adsorption theory conformable tank natural gas vehicles (NGVs)

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A novel methodology for forecasting gas supply reliability of natural gas pipeline systems

Feng CHEN, Changchun WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 213-223 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0672-5

摘要： In this paper, a novel systematic and integrated methodology to assess gas supply reliability is proposed based on the Monte Carlo method, statistical analysis, mathematical-probabilistic analysis, and hydraulic simulation. The method proposed has two stages. In the first stage, typical scenarios are determined. In the second stage, hydraulic simulation is conducted to calculate the flow rate in each typical scenario. The result of the gas pipeline system calculated is the average gas supply reliability in each typical scenario. To verify the feasibility, the method proposed is applied for a real natural gas pipelines network system. The comparison of the results calculated and the actual gas supply reliability based on the filed data in the evaluation period suggests the assessment results of the method proposed agree well with the filed data. Besides, the effect of different components on gas supply reliability is investigated, and the most critical component is identified. For example, the 48th unit is the most critical component for the SH terminal station, while the 119th typical scenario results in the most severe consequence which causes the loss of 175.61×10 m gas when the 119th scenario happens. This paper provides a set of scientific and reasonable gas supply reliability indexes which can evaluate the gas supply reliability from two dimensions of quantity and time.

关键词： natural gas pipeline system gas supply reliability evaluation index Monte Carlo method hydraulic simulation

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Effect of adjusted mesoscale drag model on flue gas desulfurization in powder-particle spouted beds

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 909-920 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2100-8

摘要： An energy minimum multiscale model was adjusted to simulate the mesoscale structure of the flue gas desulfurization process in a powder-particle spouted bed and verified experimentally. The obtained results revealed that the spout morphology simulated by the adjusted mesoscale drag model was unstable and discontinuous bubbling spout unlike the stable continuous spout obtained using the Gidaspow model. In addition, more thorough gas radial mixing was achieved using the adjusted mesoscale drag model. The mass fraction of water in the gas mixture at the outlet determined by the heterogeneous drag model was 1.5 times higher than that obtained by the homogeneous drag model during the simulation of water vaporization. For the desulfurization reaction, the experimental desulfurization efficiency was 75.03%, while the desulfurization efficiencies obtained by the Gidaspow and adjusted mesoscale drag models were 47.63% and 75.08%, respectively, indicating much higher accuracy of the latter technique.

关键词： adjusted mesoscale drag model particle image velocimetry water vaporization desulfurization reaction numerical simulation

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A review on technologies with electricity generation potentials using liquified natural gas regasification

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 332-379 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0863-y

摘要： In modern times, worldwide requirements to curb greenhouse gas emissions, and increment in energy demand due to the progress of humanity, have become a serious concern. In such scenarios, the effective and efficient utilization of the liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification cold energy (RCE), in the economically and environmentally viable methods, could present a great opportunity in tackling the core issues related to global warming across the world. In this paper, the technologies that are widely used to harness the LNG RCE for electrical power have been reviewed. The systems incorporating, the Rankine cycles, Stirling engines, Kalina cycles, Brayton cycles, Allam cycles, and fuel cells have been considered. Additionally, the economic and environmental studies apart from the thermal studies have also been reviewed. Moreover, the discussion regarding the systems with respect to the regassification pressure of the LNG has also been provided. The aim of this paper is to provide guidelines for the prospective researchers and policy makers in their decision making.

关键词： liquified natural gas cold energy power generation

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Latest progress in numerical simulations on multiphase flow and thermodynamics in production of naturalgas from gas hydrate reservoir

Lin ZUO, Lixia SUN, Changfu YOU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 152-159 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0017-x

摘要： Natural gas hydrates are promising potential alternative energy resources. Some studies on the multiphase flow and thermodynamics have been conducted to investigate the feasibility of gas production from hydrate dissociation. The methods for natural gas production are analyzed and several models describing the dissociation process are listed and compared. Two prevailing models, one for depressurization and the other for thermal stimulation, are discussed in detail. A comprehensive numerical method considering the multiphase flow and thermodynamics of gas production from various hydrate-bearing reservoirs is required to better understand the dissociation process of natural gas hydrate, which would be of great benefit to its future exploration and exploitation.

关键词： numerical simulation natural gas hydrate dissociation thermodynamics multiphase flow

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Mesoporous zeolites as efficient catalysts for oil refining and natural gas conversion

Jie ZHU, Xiangju MENG, Fengshou XIAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 233-248 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1329-2

摘要： Zeolites have been regarded as one of the most important catalysts in petrochemical industry due to their excellent catalytic performance. However, the sole micropores in zeolites severely limit their applications in oil refining and natural gas conversion. To solve the problem, mesoporous zeolites have been prepared by introducing mesopores into the zeolite crystals in recent years, and thus have the advantages of both mesostructured materials (fast diffusion and accessible for bulky molecules) and microporous zeolite crystals (strong acidity and high hydrothermal stability). In this review, after giving a brief introduction to preparation, structure, and characterization of mesoporous zeolites, we systematically summarize catalytic applications of these mesoporous zeolites as efficient catalysts in oil refining and natural gas conversion including catalytic cracking of heavy oil, alkylation, isomerization, hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, methane dehydroaromatization, methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether, methanol to olefins, and methanol to hydrocarbons.

关键词： mesoporous zeolite catalysis oil refining natural gas conversion

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Accelerating the construction of natural gas system engineering in green smart cities

Xinhua MA

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 453-456 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0046-z

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Dehydration of natural gas and biogas streams using solid desiccants: a review

Soheil Bahraminia, Mansoor Anbia, Esmat Koohsaryan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1050-1074 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2025-7

摘要： Natural gas and biogas are two mixtures that consist of methane as their main component. These two gas mixtures are usually saturated with water vapor, which cause many problems, such as damaging the gas processing equipment by increasing the gas’s corrosion potential or clogging the pipelines due to gas hydrate formation. Thus, removing water vapor from these gas streams is mandatory. In this review paper, the main dehydration methods have been overviewed, and scrutiny of the adsorption dehydration has been carried out. Furthermore, the most important solid desiccants and their improvements have been reviewed.

关键词： natural gas biogas dehydration adsorption solid desiccant

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Current situation and future perspectives of European natural gas sector

Vincenzo BIANCO,Federico SCARPA,Luca A. TAGLIAFICO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 1-6 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0340-8

摘要： Gas market in Europe is experiencing a radical change for different reasons, partially determined and accelerated by economic downturn of the last period. In the past few years, many European countries adopted energy policies largely based on the utilization of natural gas. In fact, a sharp increase of the demand was observed and, at the same time, a lot of infrastructures were developed to assure the necessary supply. In the last few years, due to the economic downturn, natural gas demand decreased, causing a consistent oversupply on the market, which altered the consolidated dynamics of the sector. Understanding the changes currently under development in the European gas market is of paramount importance in order to design future strategies for the sector; in particular, it is necessary to understand if the present situation will cause a reshaping of the sector.

关键词： natural gas natural gas market oil-linked contracts supply infrastructures gas hubs

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Approach for natural gas to be a primary energy source in China

Weihe HUANG, Jindian CHEN, Chuan FU, Yan HUANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 467-476 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0068-6

摘要： This work reveals the positioning of natural gas in the evolution of world energy and the general law of its development. In the long-term adjustment of energy structure, natural gas has gradually become the primary energy source because of five factors: policy, resources, technology, facilities, and market. To expedite the revolution of energy production and consumption, China must urgently expand the use of natural gas toward a more positive role in complementing coal and renewable energy and prioritize its usage in three areas, namely, urban gas, power generation, and industrial fuel. Natural gas is expected to account for approximately 15% of China’s total energy consumption in the future. For natural gas to be the primary energy, the exploitation of gas resources must be expanded, resource access must be improved, a flexible trade system must be set up, infrastructure investment must be increased, and the security system must be enhanced.

关键词： natural gas energy revolution primary energy utilization areas approaching means

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我国西部天然气东输的可行性

邱中建

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 94-98

摘要：

我国西部天然气资源十分丰富，占全国天然气总资源量的75%、探明储量的80%，已累计探明储量达13 110×10⁸m³,西部地区已有能力长期稳定年外输气150×10⁸m³。西气东输塔里木天然气有决定意义，目前正在评价的新发现的两个大型气田预计可迅速新增天然气探明储量约5 000×10⁸m³。这些气田储量丰度大，单井产量高，采气成本低。东部长江三角洲地区经济发达，能源短缺，自给率仅为13%，目前能源消费构成中煤炭占76%，城市环境污染严重，是天然气消费的巨大市场。预计2010年天然气需要量253×10⁸m³。西气东输有两个方案，一是塔里木气单独东输，开始年输量100×10⁸m³，第八年开始增加至150×10⁸m³；二是西部诸盆地联合东输，开始年输量150×10⁸m³，第八年开始增加至230×10⁸m³。两个方案均有经济效益，以联合东输方案优点较多。天然气在上海门站每立方米的销售价为1.2～1.3元，是很有竞争力的。项目一旦启动，对东部及西部地区均会带来巨大的好处。

关键词：西部天然气东输可行性

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Key issues in development of offshore natural gas hydrate

Shouwei ZHOU, Qingping LI, Xin LV, Qiang FU, Junlong ZHU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 433-442 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0684-1

摘要： As a new clean energy resource in the 21st century, natural gas hydrate is considered as one of the most promising strategic resources in the future. This paper, based on the research progress in exploitation of natural gas hydrate (NGH) in China and the world, systematically reviewed and discussed the key issues in development of natural gas hydrate. From an exploitation point of view, it is recommended that the concepts of diagenetic hydrate and non-diagenetic hydrate be introduced. The main factors to be considered are whether diagenesis, stability of rock skeleton structure, particle size and cementation mode, thus NGHs are divided into 6 levels and used unused exploitation methods according to different types. The study of the description and quantitative characterization of abundance in hydrate enrichment zone, and looking for gas hydrate dessert areas with commercial exploitation value should be enhanced. The concept of dynamic permeability and characterization of the permeability of NGH by time-varying equations should be established. The ‘Three-gas co-production’ (natural gas hydrate, shallow gas, and conventional gas) may be an effective way to achieve early commercial exploitation. Although great progress has been made in the exploitation of natural gas hydrate, there still exist enormous challenges in basic theory research, production methods, and equipment and operation modes. Only through hard and persistent exploration and innovation can natural gas hydrate be truly commercially developed on a large scale and contribute to sustainable energy supply.

关键词： natural gas hydrate exploitation offshore diagenetic and non-diagenetic hydrate solid-state fluidization method dessert in enrichment area three-gas combined production on gas hydrate abundance

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Simulation of combustion in spark-ignition engine fuelled with natural gas-hydrogen blends combined with

Jie WANG, Zuohua HUANG, Bing LIU, Xibin WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 204-211 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0026-9

摘要： A numerical simulation of the influence of different hydrogen fractions, excess air ratios and EGR mass fractions in a spark-ignition engine was conducted. Good agreement between the calculated and measured in-cylinder pressure traces as well as pollutant formation trends was obtained. The simulation results show that NO concentration has an exponential relationship with temperature and increases sharply as hydrogen is added. EGR introduction strongly influences the gas temperature and NO concentration in the cylinder. The difference in temperature will lead to even greater difference in NO concentration. Thus, EGR can effectively decrease NO concentration. NO concentration reaches its peak value at the excess air ratio of 1.1 regardless of EGR mass fraction. The study shows that natural gas-hydrogen blend combined with EGR can realize a stable combustion and low NO emission in a spark-ignition engine.

关键词： natural gas hydrogen NO exhaust gas recirculation numerical simulation